Die casting equipment classification

 Die casting machines can be divided into two main types: hot chamber and cold chamber. The difference lies in how much force they can withstand, with typical pressures ranging from 400 to 4,000 tons.

Hot chamber die casting

Hot chamber die casting, sometimes called gooseneck die casting, involves a pool of molten liquid or semi-liquid metal that is forced into the die under pressure. At the start of the cycle, the machine's piston is retracted, allowing the molten metal to fill the gooseneck. A pneumatic or hydraulic piston squeezes the metal into the die. Advantages of this system include fast cycle speeds (about 15 cycles per minute), easy automation, and the convenience of melting the metal. Disadvantages include the inability to die cast metals with higher melting points, and also the inability to die cast aluminum, which would pull the iron out of the molten pool. Therefore, hot chamber die casting machines are usually used for zinc, tin, and lead alloys. Also, hot chamber die casting is difficult to use for large castings, and usually the process is used for small castings.

Cold chamber die casting

Cold chamber die casting can be used for metals that cannot be cast using hot chamber die casting processes, including aluminum, magnesium, copper, and zinc alloys with high aluminum content. In this process, the metal is first melted in a separate crucible [2]. A certain amount of molten metal is then transferred to an unheated injection chamber or injection nozzle. The metal is injected into the mold using hydraulic or mechanical pressure. The main disadvantage of this process is the long cycle time due to the need to transfer the molten metal into the cold chamber. Cold chamber die casting machines can be divided into vertical and horizontal types. Vertical die casting machines are usually small machines, while horizontal die casting machines are available in a variety of sizes.